1 base graphics

https://r-charts.com/base-r/

1.1 图形参数

#par()     #返回当前设置，一个list
opar<-par(no.readonly = TRUE)

# initialization
par(mar=c(3,3,3,3))
num <- 0 ; 
num1 <- 0
plot(0,0 , xlim=c(0,21) , ylim=c(0.5,6.5), col="white" , yaxt="n" , ylab="" , xlab="")
 
#fill the graph
for (i in seq(1,20)){
  points(i,1 , pch=i , cex=3)
  points(i,2 , col=i , pch=16 , cex=3)
  points(i,3 , col="black" , pch=16 , cex=i*0.25)
  
  #lty
  if(i %in% c(seq(1,18,3))){
        num=num+1
    points(c(i,i+2), c(4,4) , col="black" , lty=num , type="l" , lwd=2)
        text(i+1.1 , 4.15 , num)
        }
  
  #type and lwd 
  if(i %in% c(seq(1,20,5))){
    num1=num1+1
    points(c(i,i+1,i+2,i+3), c(5,5,5,5) , col="black"  , type=c("p","l","b","o")[num1] , lwd=2)
    text(i+1.1 , 5.2 , c("p","l","b","o")[num1] )
    points(c(i,i+1,i+2,i+3), c(6,6,6,6) , col="black"  , type="l",  lwd=num1)
    text(i+1.1 , 6.2 , num1 )
 
    }
  }
 
#add axis
axis(2, at = c(1,2,3,4,5,6), labels = c("pch" , "col" , "cex" , "lty", "type" , "lwd" ), 
     tick = TRUE, col = "black", las = 1, cex.axis = 0.8)

par(opar) #恢复默认设置

1.1.1 par()

par(pch=22) #空心=0、1、2、5、6,  黑色=15:20,  col边界色  bg= 21-25填充
par(lty=1)  # 1=实线 2:6=虚线
par(cex.main=2,font.main=4,col.main="black")#font字体样式  4=粗斜体
par(cex.sub=1.5,font.sub=3,col.sub="gray")  # 3=斜体
par(cex.lab=1.25,font.lab=2,col.lab="purple")   # 2=粗体
par(cex.axis=1,font.axis=1,col.axis="green4") # 1=常规
par(fg="black")   #边框和刻度颜色
par(bg="white")  #背景色
par(pin=c(4,3))        #宽×高 1英寸=1.7
par(mar=c(5,4,4,2)+0.1)    #默认值，边距

# Margins area
par(oma=c(3,3,3,3)) # all sides have 3 lines of space
par(mar=c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1)

# Plot
plot(0:10, 0:10, type="n", xlab="X", ylab="Y") # type="n" hides the points

# Place text in the plot and color everything plot-related red
text(5,5, "Plot", col="red", cex=2)
box(col="red")

# Place text in the margins and label the margins, all in forestgreen  
mtext("Margins", side=3, line=2, cex=2, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("par(mar=c(b,l,t,r))", side=3, line=1, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 0", side=3, line=0, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 1", side=3, line=1, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 2", side=3, line=2, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 3", side=3, line=3, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
box("figure", col="forestgreen")  
 
# Label the outer margin area and color it blue  
# Note the 'outer=TRUE' command moves us from the figure margins to the outer margins.  
mtext("Outer Margin Area", side=1, line=1, cex=2, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("par(oma=c(b,l,t,r))", side=1, line=2, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 0", side=1, line=0, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 1", side=1, line=1, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 2", side=1, line=2, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
box("outer", col="blue")  

1.1.2 颜色

colors()
#>   [1] "white"                "aliceblue"            "antiquewhite"        
#>   [4] "antiquewhite1"        "antiquewhite2"        "antiquewhite3"       
#>   [7] "antiquewhite4"        "aquamarine"           "aquamarine1"         
#>  [10] "aquamarine2"          "aquamarine3"          "aquamarine4"         
#>  [13] "azure"                "azure1"               "azure2"              
#>  [16] "azure3"               "azure4"               "beige"               
#>  [19] "bisque"               "bisque1"              "bisque2"             
#>  [22] "bisque3"              "bisque4"              "black"               
#>  [25] "blanchedalmond"       "blue"                 "blue1"               
#>  [28] "blue2"                "blue3"                "blue4"               
#>  [31] "blueviolet"           "brown"                "brown1"              
#>  [34] "brown2"               "brown3"               "brown4"              
#>  [37] "burlywood"            "burlywood1"           "burlywood2"          
#>  [40] "burlywood3"           "burlywood4"           "cadetblue"           
#>  [43] "cadetblue1"           "cadetblue2"           "cadetblue3"          
#>  [46] "cadetblue4"           "chartreuse"           "chartreuse1"         
#>  [49] "chartreuse2"          "chartreuse3"          "chartreuse4"         
#>  [52] "chocolate"            "chocolate1"           "chocolate2"          
#>  [55] "chocolate3"           "chocolate4"           "coral"               
#>  [58] "coral1"               "coral2"               "coral3"              
#>  [61] "coral4"               "cornflowerblue"       "cornsilk"            
#>  [64] "cornsilk1"            "cornsilk2"            "cornsilk3"           
#>  [67] "cornsilk4"            "cyan"                 "cyan1"               
#>  [70] "cyan2"                "cyan3"                "cyan4"               
#>  [73] "darkblue"             "darkcyan"             "darkgoldenrod"       
#>  [76] "darkgoldenrod1"       "darkgoldenrod2"       "darkgoldenrod3"      
#>  [79] "darkgoldenrod4"       "darkgray"             "darkgreen"           
#>  [82] "darkgrey"             "darkkhaki"            "darkmagenta"         
#>  [85] "darkolivegreen"       "darkolivegreen1"      "darkolivegreen2"     
#>  [88] "darkolivegreen3"      "darkolivegreen4"      "darkorange"          
#>  [91] "darkorange1"          "darkorange2"          "darkorange3"         
#>  [94] "darkorange4"          "darkorchid"           "darkorchid1"         
#>  [97] "darkorchid2"          "darkorchid3"          "darkorchid4"         
#> [100] "darkred"              "darksalmon"           "darkseagreen"        
#> [103] "darkseagreen1"        "darkseagreen2"        "darkseagreen3"       
#> [106] "darkseagreen4"        "darkslateblue"        "darkslategray"       
#> [109] "darkslategray1"       "darkslategray2"       "darkslategray3"      
#> [112] "darkslategray4"       "darkslategrey"        "darkturquoise"       
#> [115] "darkviolet"           "deeppink"             "deeppink1"           
#> [118] "deeppink2"            "deeppink3"            "deeppink4"           
#> [121] "deepskyblue"          "deepskyblue1"         "deepskyblue2"        
#> [124] "deepskyblue3"         "deepskyblue4"         "dimgray"             
#> [127] "dimgrey"              "dodgerblue"           "dodgerblue1"         
#> [130] "dodgerblue2"          "dodgerblue3"          "dodgerblue4"         
#> [133] "firebrick"            "firebrick1"           "firebrick2"          
#> [136] "firebrick3"           "firebrick4"           "floralwhite"         
#> [139] "forestgreen"          "gainsboro"            "ghostwhite"          
#> [142] "gold"                 "gold1"                "gold2"               
#> [145] "gold3"                "gold4"                "goldenrod"           
#> [148] "goldenrod1"           "goldenrod2"           "goldenrod3"          
#> [151] "goldenrod4"           "gray"                 "gray0"               
#> [154] "gray1"                "gray2"                "gray3"               
#> [157] "gray4"                "gray5"                "gray6"               
#> [160] "gray7"                "gray8"                "gray9"               
#> [163] "gray10"               "gray11"               "gray12"              
#> [166] "gray13"               "gray14"               "gray15"              
#> [169] "gray16"               "gray17"               "gray18"              
#> [172] "gray19"               "gray20"               "gray21"              
#> [175] "gray22"               "gray23"               "gray24"              
#> [178] "gray25"               "gray26"               "gray27"              
#> [181] "gray28"               "gray29"               "gray30"              
#> [184] "gray31"               "gray32"               "gray33"              
#> [187] "gray34"               "gray35"               "gray36"              
#> [190] "gray37"               "gray38"               "gray39"              
#> [193] "gray40"               "gray41"               "gray42"              
#> [196] "gray43"               "gray44"               "gray45"              
#> [199] "gray46"               "gray47"               "gray48"              
#> [202] "gray49"               "gray50"               "gray51"              
#> [205] "gray52"               "gray53"               "gray54"              
#> [208] "gray55"               "gray56"               "gray57"              
#> [211] "gray58"               "gray59"               "gray60"              
#> [214] "gray61"               "gray62"               "gray63"              
#> [217] "gray64"               "gray65"               "gray66"              
#> [220] "gray67"               "gray68"               "gray69"              
#> [223] "gray70"               "gray71"               "gray72"              
#> [226] "gray73"               "gray74"               "gray75"              
#> [229] "gray76"               "gray77"               "gray78"              
#> [232] "gray79"               "gray80"               "gray81"              
#> [235] "gray82"               "gray83"               "gray84"              
#> [238] "gray85"               "gray86"               "gray87"              
#> [241] "gray88"               "gray89"               "gray90"              
#> [244] "gray91"               "gray92"               "gray93"              
#> [247] "gray94"               "gray95"               "gray96"              
#> [250] "gray97"               "gray98"               "gray99"              
#> [253] "gray100"              "green"                "green1"              
#> [256] "green2"               "green3"               "green4"              
#> [259] "greenyellow"          "grey"                 "grey0"               
#> [262] "grey1"                "grey2"                "grey3"               
#> [265] "grey4"                "grey5"                "grey6"               
#> [268] "grey7"                "grey8"                "grey9"               
#> [271] "grey10"               "grey11"               "grey12"              
#> [274] "grey13"               "grey14"               "grey15"              
#> [277] "grey16"               "grey17"               "grey18"              
#> [280] "grey19"               "grey20"               "grey21"              
#> [283] "grey22"               "grey23"               "grey24"              
#> [286] "grey25"               "grey26"               "grey27"              
#> [289] "grey28"               "grey29"               "grey30"              
#> [292] "grey31"               "grey32"               "grey33"              
#> [295] "grey34"               "grey35"               "grey36"              
#> [298] "grey37"               "grey38"               "grey39"              
#> [301] "grey40"               "grey41"               "grey42"              
#> [304] "grey43"               "grey44"               "grey45"              
#> [307] "grey46"               "grey47"               "grey48"              
#> [310] "grey49"               "grey50"               "grey51"              
#> [313] "grey52"               "grey53"               "grey54"              
#> [316] "grey55"               "grey56"               "grey57"              
#> [319] "grey58"               "grey59"               "grey60"              
#> [322] "grey61"               "grey62"               "grey63"              
#> [325] "grey64"               "grey65"               "grey66"              
#> [328] "grey67"               "grey68"               "grey69"              
#> [331] "grey70"               "grey71"               "grey72"              
#> [334] "grey73"               "grey74"               "grey75"              
#> [337] "grey76"               "grey77"               "grey78"              
#> [340] "grey79"               "grey80"               "grey81"              
#> [343] "grey82"               "grey83"               "grey84"              
#> [346] "grey85"               "grey86"               "grey87"              
#> [349] "grey88"               "grey89"               "grey90"              
#> [352] "grey91"               "grey92"               "grey93"              
#> [355] "grey94"               "grey95"               "grey96"              
#> [358] "grey97"               "grey98"               "grey99"              
#> [361] "grey100"              "honeydew"             "honeydew1"           
#> [364] "honeydew2"            "honeydew3"            "honeydew4"           
#> [367] "hotpink"              "hotpink1"             "hotpink2"            
#> [370] "hotpink3"             "hotpink4"             "indianred"           
#> [373] "indianred1"           "indianred2"           "indianred3"          
#> [376] "indianred4"           "ivory"                "ivory1"              
#> [379] "ivory2"               "ivory3"               "ivory4"              
#> [382] "khaki"                "khaki1"               "khaki2"              
#> [385] "khaki3"               "khaki4"               "lavender"            
#> [388] "lavenderblush"        "lavenderblush1"       "lavenderblush2"      
#> [391] "lavenderblush3"       "lavenderblush4"       "lawngreen"           
#> [394] "lemonchiffon"         "lemonchiffon1"        "lemonchiffon2"       
#> [397] "lemonchiffon3"        "lemonchiffon4"        "lightblue"           
#> [400] "lightblue1"           "lightblue2"           "lightblue3"          
#> [403] "lightblue4"           "lightcoral"           "lightcyan"           
#> [406] "lightcyan1"           "lightcyan2"           "lightcyan3"          
#> [409] "lightcyan4"           "lightgoldenrod"       "lightgoldenrod1"     
#> [412] "lightgoldenrod2"      "lightgoldenrod3"      "lightgoldenrod4"     
#> [415] "lightgoldenrodyellow" "lightgray"            "lightgreen"          
#> [418] "lightgrey"            "lightpink"            "lightpink1"          
#> [421] "lightpink2"           "lightpink3"           "lightpink4"          
#> [424] "lightsalmon"          "lightsalmon1"         "lightsalmon2"        
#> [427] "lightsalmon3"         "lightsalmon4"         "lightseagreen"       
#> [430] "lightskyblue"         "lightskyblue1"        "lightskyblue2"       
#> [433] "lightskyblue3"        "lightskyblue4"        "lightslateblue"      
#> [436] "lightslategray"       "lightslategrey"       "lightsteelblue"      
#> [439] "lightsteelblue1"      "lightsteelblue2"      "lightsteelblue3"     
#> [442] "lightsteelblue4"      "lightyellow"          "lightyellow1"        
#> [445] "lightyellow2"         "lightyellow3"         "lightyellow4"        
#> [448] "limegreen"            "linen"                "magenta"             
#> [451] "magenta1"             "magenta2"             "magenta3"            
#> [454] "magenta4"             "maroon"               "maroon1"             
#> [457] "maroon2"              "maroon3"              "maroon4"             
#> [460] "mediumaquamarine"     "mediumblue"           "mediumorchid"        
#> [463] "mediumorchid1"        "mediumorchid2"        "mediumorchid3"       
#> [466] "mediumorchid4"        "mediumpurple"         "mediumpurple1"       
#> [469] "mediumpurple2"        "mediumpurple3"        "mediumpurple4"       
#> [472] "mediumseagreen"       "mediumslateblue"      "mediumspringgreen"   
#> [475] "mediumturquoise"      "mediumvioletred"      "midnightblue"        
#> [478] "mintcream"            "mistyrose"            "mistyrose1"          
#> [481] "mistyrose2"           "mistyrose3"           "mistyrose4"          
#> [484] "moccasin"             "navajowhite"          "navajowhite1"        
#> [487] "navajowhite2"         "navajowhite3"         "navajowhite4"        
#> [490] "navy"                 "navyblue"             "oldlace"             
#> [493] "olivedrab"            "olivedrab1"           "olivedrab2"          
#> [496] "olivedrab3"           "olivedrab4"           "orange"              
#> [499] "orange1"              "orange2"              "orange3"             
#> [502] "orange4"              "orangered"            "orangered1"          
#> [505] "orangered2"           "orangered3"           "orangered4"          
#> [508] "orchid"               "orchid1"              "orchid2"             
#> [511] "orchid3"              "orchid4"              "palegoldenrod"       
#> [514] "palegreen"            "palegreen1"           "palegreen2"          
#> [517] "palegreen3"           "palegreen4"           "paleturquoise"       
#> [520] "paleturquoise1"       "paleturquoise2"       "paleturquoise3"      
#> [523] "paleturquoise4"       "palevioletred"        "palevioletred1"      
#> [526] "palevioletred2"       "palevioletred3"       "palevioletred4"      
#> [529] "papayawhip"           "peachpuff"            "peachpuff1"          
#> [532] "peachpuff2"           "peachpuff3"           "peachpuff4"          
#> [535] "peru"                 "pink"                 "pink1"               
#> [538] "pink2"                "pink3"                "pink4"               
#> [541] "plum"                 "plum1"                "plum2"               
#> [544] "plum3"                "plum4"                "powderblue"          
#> [547] "purple"               "purple1"              "purple2"             
#> [550] "purple3"              "purple4"              "red"                 
#> [553] "red1"                 "red2"                 "red3"                
#> [556] "red4"                 "rosybrown"            "rosybrown1"          
#> [559] "rosybrown2"           "rosybrown3"           "rosybrown4"          
#> [562] "royalblue"            "royalblue1"           "royalblue2"          
#> [565] "royalblue3"           "royalblue4"           "saddlebrown"         
#> [568] "salmon"               "salmon1"              "salmon2"             
#> [571] "salmon3"              "salmon4"              "sandybrown"          
#> [574] "seagreen"             "seagreen1"            "seagreen2"           
#> [577] "seagreen3"            "seagreen4"            "seashell"            
#> [580] "seashell1"            "seashell2"            "seashell3"           
#> [583] "seashell4"            "sienna"               "sienna1"             
#> [586] "sienna2"              "sienna3"              "sienna4"             
#> [589] "skyblue"              "skyblue1"             "skyblue2"            
#> [592] "skyblue3"             "skyblue4"             "slateblue"           
#> [595] "slateblue1"           "slateblue2"           "slateblue3"          
#> [598] "slateblue4"           "slategray"            "slategray1"          
#> [601] "slategray2"           "slategray3"           "slategray4"          
#> [604] "slategrey"            "snow"                 "snow1"               
#> [607] "snow2"                "snow3"                "snow4"               
#> [610] "springgreen"          "springgreen1"         "springgreen2"        
#> [613] "springgreen3"         "springgreen4"         "steelblue"           
#> [616] "steelblue1"           "steelblue2"           "steelblue3"          
#> [619] "steelblue4"           "tan"                  "tan1"                
#> [622] "tan2"                 "tan3"                 "tan4"                
#> [625] "thistle"              "thistle1"             "thistle2"            
#> [628] "thistle3"             "thistle4"             "tomato"              
#> [631] "tomato1"              "tomato2"              "tomato3"             
#> [634] "tomato4"              "turquoise"            "turquoise1"          
#> [637] "turquoise2"           "turquoise3"           "turquoise4"          
#> [640] "violet"               "violetred"            "violetred1"          
#> [643] "violetred2"           "violetred3"           "violetred4"          
#> [646] "wheat"                "wheat1"               "wheat2"              
#> [649] "wheat3"               "wheat4"               "whitesmoke"          
#> [652] "yellow"               "yellow1"              "yellow2"             
#> [655] "yellow3"              "yellow4"              "yellowgreen"
rgb(red = 0,green = 1,blue = 1)
#> [1] "#00FFFF"
hsv()
#> [1] "#FF0000"
barplot(1:10,col=c(1:10))

### n种连续的彩虹色  十六进制
rainbow(10)        
#>  [1] "#FF0000" "#FF9900" "#CCFF00" "#33FF00" "#00FF66" "#00FFFF" "#0066FF"
#>  [8] "#3300FF" "#CC00FF" "#FF0099"
barplot(rep(1:15),col=rainbow(10))

### n阶灰度色 十六进制
gray(0:15/15)      
#>  [1] "#000000" "#111111" "#222222" "#333333" "#444444" "#555555" "#666666"
#>  [8] "#777777" "#888888" "#999999" "#AAAAAA" "#BBBBBB" "#CCCCCC" "#DDDDDD"
#> [15] "#EEEEEE" "#FFFFFF"
barplot(rep(1,15),col=gray(0:15/15))

library(RColorBrewer)
RColorBrewer::display.brewer.all()

barplot(rep(1,7),col=brewer.pal(7,"Set3"))

dose<-c(20,30,40,45,60)
A<-c(16,20,27,40,60)
B<-c(15,18,25,31,40)
plot(dose,A,type="b",           #type="b" 线连接点
     
     col="red",lty=1,pch=18,lwd=3,cex=2,    #点和线属性
     
     main="Clinical trials for Drug A",     #主标题
     sub="this is my data",                  #副标题
     xlab="Dosage",ylab="Drug Response",    #坐标轴标签
     xlim=c(0,60),ylim = c(0,70)           #坐标轴范围
)

1.2 自定义图形标题、坐标轴标签

par(mfrow=c(1,2))  
hist(A)
hist(A,ann=FALSE)    #ann=FALSE 移除默认标题
title(main="main title", col.main="purple",       #主标题
      sub="subtitle", col.sub="pink",            #副标题
      xlab="Dosage",ylab="Drug Response",col.lab="red" ,cex.lab=0.75
      )

par(opar)

1.3 自定义坐标轴、图例、文本

x<-c(1:10)
y<-x

par(mar=c(5,4,4,4))
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y,axes=FALSE)#禁用坐标轴框架、刻度

plot(x,y,axes=FALSE,frame.plot = TRUE)#禁用刻度

z<-10/x
plot(x,y,type="b",pch=21,col="red",bg="black",
     xaxt="n",yaxt="n",lty=1  #xaxt、yaxt 禁用X、Y坐标轴刻度
     )
lines(x,z,type="b",pch=22,col="blue",lty=2,bg="green")  #添加新图形
#绘制自定义坐标轴
#axis(side,at= ,labels = ,pos = ,las=,tck=,…)
#side  1=下，2=左，3=上，4=右 
#at   数值向量，绘制刻度线的位置
#labels  字符序列，刻度线的文字标签
#las    0=垂直于坐标轴，2=平行于坐标轴   
#tck=-0.01    刻度线的长度   1=网格线 0=禁用刻度  负值在图形外侧，正值在图形内侧
axis(side = 1,at=x,labels = x,las=0,tck=-0.1)
axis(side=2,at=x,labels=x,col.axis="red",las=2,tck=0.1)
axis(side=4,at=z,labels=round(z,digits=3),col.axis="blue",las=2,tck=-.05)

#library(Hmisc)
#minor.tick(nx=2,ny=2,tick.ratio = .5)#添加次要刻度线

## 图例  legend(location, title, legend,...)
par(lwd=2,cex=1,font.lab=2)
legend("top",inset=0.05,title="函数",c("Y=X","Y=10/x"),text.col = "green",
       lty=c(3,2),pch=c(21,22),col=c("red","blue",bg=c("black","green")))

# 文本

#mtext("text",side,line=,)
mtext("Y=10/X",side=4,line=3,cex.lab=1,las=2,col="blue")  #边界文本
title(main="my graphics",
      sub="subtitle",
      xlab="X values",
      ylab="Y=X")
abline(h=c(1,4),lty=2,col="red")  ###添加水平辅助线 
abline(v=c(8,10),lty=4,col="blue")  ###添加垂直辅助线 


# text(x,y,"text",pos=)  1=下，2=左，3=上，4=右
text(5,5,"文本1",pos=4,adj=0,cex=2,col="green")

#text(locator[1],"文本",pos=4,adj=0,cex=2,col="green")#鼠标点击确定位置

1.4 添加文本

#标注点的信息
A<-c(1:5)
B<-c(15,23,26,17,21)
plot(A,B,type="b")
ABC<-data.frame(A,B,row.names =c("afaf","fa","faae","agg","grgw"))
attach(ABC)
#> The following objects are masked _by_ .GlobalEnv:
#> 
#>     A, B
text(A,B,row.names(ABC),cex=0.6,pos=4,col="blue")

detach(ABC)
par(opar)

1.5 图形组合

#layout(matrix,widths=,heights=)
attach(mtcars)
#> The following object is masked from package:ggplot2:
#> 
#>     mpg
mat<-matrix(c(1,1,2,3),2, 2, byrow = FALSE)
layout(mat,widths = c(1,0.5),heights = c(0.5,1))
hist(wt)
hist(mpg)
hist(disp)

detach(mtcars)

1.6 图形的精细控制

#参数fig=c(x1,x2,y1,y2)
attach(mtcars)
#> The following object is masked from package:ggplot2:
#> 
#>     mpg
par(fig=c(0,0.8,0,0.8))
plot(wt,mpg,xlab="Miles per Gallon",ylab="Car Weight")
par(fig=c(0,0.8,0.55,1),new=TRUE)
boxplot(wt,horizontal = TRUE,axes=FALSE)
par(fig=c(0.65,1,0,0.8),new=TRUE)
boxplot(mpg,axes=FALSE)
mtext("boxplot of wt",side=3,outer = TRUE,line=-3)

1.7 Geometry

data(mpg,package="ggplot2") 

1.7.1 条形图

barplot(table(mpg$drv))

barplot(table(mpg$drv),horiz = TRUE)

barplot(table(mpg$drv,mpg$class),legend=row.names(table(mpg$drv,mpg$class)))

barplot(table(mpg$drv,mpg$class),beside = TRUE,
        legend=row.names(table(mpg$drv,mpg$class)))

spineplot(table(mpg$class,mpg$drv))

1.7.2 饼图

x<-c(10,12,4,16,8)
labs<-c("US","UK","Australia","Germany","France")

pie(x,labels=labs,main="简单饼图")

pct<-round(x/sum(x)*100)
labs2<-paste(labs," ",pct,"%",sep="")
pie(x,labels=labs2,col=rainbow(length(labs2)),main="百分比饼图")

1.7.3 直方图

hist(mpg$hwy,breaks = 12,col="red")

hist(mpg$hwy,freq = FALSE,breaks = 12, col="lightgreen")
rug(mpg$hwy,col="brown",lwd=2)
lines(density(mpg$hwy),col="blue",lwd=2)

h <- hist(mpg$hwy,breaks = 12,col="red")
x<-seq(min(mpg$hwy),max(mpg$hwy),by=0.01)
y<-dnorm(x,mean=mean(mpg$hwy),sd=sd(mpg$hwy))   #概率密度曲线  f(X)=(fi/n)/ΔXi
y<-y*diff(h$mids[1:2])*length(mpg$hwy)  # y*组距*总样本量  正态分布
lines(x,y,col="blue",lwd=2)

plot(x,y)

1.7.4 密度曲线

plot(density(mpg$hwy))
polygon(density(mpg$hwy),col="lightblue",border = "red") 
rug(mpg$hwy,col="brown") 

1.7.5 箱线图

boxplot.stats(mpg$hwy)
#> $stats
#> [1] 12 18 24 27 37
#> 
#> $n
#> [1] 234
#> 
#> $conf
#> [1] 23.07041 24.92959
#> 
#> $out
#> [1] 44 44 41
boxplot(mpg$hwy)

boxplot(hwy~drv,data=mpg,
        notch=TRUE,
        varwidth=TRUE)

boxplot(hwy~drv*cyl,data=mpg)

1.7.6 克利夫兰点图

dotchart(mtcars[order(mtcars$mpg),]$mpg,labels = row.names(mtcars),groups = mtcars$cyl)

#分组、排序、着色后的点图
x<-mtcars[order(mtcars$mpg),]
x$cyl<-factor(x$cyl)
x$color[x$cyl==4]<-"red"
x$color[x$cyl==6]<-"yellow"
x$color[x$cyl==8]<-"blue"
dotchart(x$mpg,
         labels = row.names(x),cex=.7,
         groups = x$cyl,         #分组参数 因子
         gcolor = "black",
         color = x$color
         )

1.7.7 散点图

car::scatterplot(mpg~wt|am,data=mtcars,
            id=TRUE,
            legend =TRUE,#图例
            grid=TRUE,   #添加网格线
            boxplots="xy"  #添加边界箱线图
)

#>          Fiat 128         Merc 240D     Maserati Bora Chrysler Imperial 
#>                 4                 5                12                14

1.7.8 散点图矩阵

car::scatterplotMatrix(~mpg+disp+drat+wt,data=mtcars)

1.7.9 气泡图

symbols(mtcars$wt,mtcars$mpg,
        circle=sqrt(mtcars$disp/pi),
        inches = .30, #比例
        fg="white",bg="lightblue")
text(mtcars$wt,mtcars$mpg,row.names(mtcars),cex=.6)

1.7.10 折线图

head(Orange)
#>   Tree  age circumference
#> 1    1  118            30
#> 2    1  484            58
#> 3    1  664            87
#> 4    1 1004           115
#> 5    1 1231           120
#> 6    1 1372           142
t1<-subset(Orange,Tree==1)
plot(t1$age,t1$circumference,type="p")

plot(t1$age,t1$circumference,type="b")

plot(t1$age,t1$circumference,type="c")

1.7.11 相关图

corrgram()

1.7.12 马赛克图

mosaic()